Oct 25, 2020 Working of N – Channel Enhancement MOSFET is similar to that of P – Channel Enhancement MOSFET but only operationally and constructionally these two are different from each other. In N Channel Enhancement MOSFET a lightly doped p-type substrate forms the body of the device and source and drain regions are heavily doped with n-type impurities.

• P Channel Mosfet Transistor
• P Channel D Mosfet Circuit
• P-channel 100-v (d-s) Mosfet
• Channel D Uae

P - Channel MOSFET The construction and working of a PMOS is same as NMOS. A lightly doped n-substrate is taken into which two heavily doped P+ regions are diffused. These two P+ regions act as source and drain. If the MOSFET is an n-channel or nMOS FET, then the source and drain are n+ regions and the body is a p region. If the MOSFET is a p-channel or pMOS FET, then the source and drain are p+ regions and the body is a n region. The source is so named because it is the source of the charge carriers (electrons for n-channel, holes for p-channel) that. P-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT MODE MOSFET Product Summary BV DSS R DS(ON) Max Package I D Max T A = +25°C -20V 52mΩ @V GS = -4.5V SOT23 -5.0A 100mΩ @V GS-= -2.5V 3.6A Description This MOSFET is designed to minimize the on-state resistance (R DS(ON)), yet maintain superior switching performance, making it. When the channel of the MOSFET becomes the same order of magnitude as the depletion layer width of source and drain, the transistors start behaving differently, which impacts performance, modeling and reliability.

Comparison of N Channel and P Channel MOSFETs

• The P-channel enhancement MOSFETs were very popular, because it was much easier and cheaper to produce than the N channel device.
  But now a days these difficulties have overcome and mass production of N-channel MOSFETs becomes easier.
  Thus the N-MOSFETS have replaced PMOSs and P-MOSFETs have almost become obsolete.
• The hole mobility is nearly 2.5 times lower than the electron mobility.
  Thus a P channel MOSFET occupies a larger area than the N channel MOSFET having the same I_D rating.
  At normal fields, in silicon,
  the hole mobility is 500 cm^2/v.sec
  the electron mobility is 1300 cm²/v.sec.
  Therefore the P-channel ON resistance will be twice that of n-channel MOSFET ON resistance.

Remember:

1. ON resistance means the resistance of the device when I_D is maximum for a given V_DS. Its value depends upon μ of carriers.
2. P-channel device have holes as majority carriers.
3. N-channel device have electrons as majority carriers.

• At the same values of I_D and V_DS, if the ON resistance of P channel device were to be reduced/make equal to that of N-channel device, then the P-channel device must have more than twice the are of N-channel device. Thus the n -channel devices will be smaller is size.
  In other words the packing density of N-channel devices is more (R = ρ. l/ A)
• N channel MOSFETs are fast switching devices. The operating speed is limited by RC time constant of the device. The capacitance is proportional to the junction cross sections.
• The N channel MOSFETs are TTL compatible. As the applied gate voltage and drain supply are positive for an n-channel enhancement MOSFET.
• The drain resistance of P channel MOSFET is 3 times higher than that for an identical N-channel MOSFET.
• The N-Channel MOSFET has the higher packing density which makes it faster in switching applications due to the smaller junction areas and lower inherent capacitance.
• The N-channel MOSFET is smaller for the same complexity than P-channel device.
• Due to the positively charged contaminants, the N-channel MOSFET may turn ON prematurely, whereas the P-channel device will not be affected.

The summary of Difference Between N Channel and P Channel MOSFETs are listed in the following table.

N-Channel MOSFET	P-Channel MOSFET
Have higher packing density, leads to small size	Comparatively low packing density.
Smaller in size for same complexity	Size will be more.
High switching device. (mobility of electrons is high)	Low switching speed. (mobility of holes is low)
Low ON resistance	High ON resistance.

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Connecting a P-Channel MOSFET to an Arduino can be a little trickier than an N-Channel MOSFET, but if you understand how it works, then it's not very complicated.

The main thing to understand about P-Channel MOSFETs is that they activate when the voltage on the Gate terminal is lower than the Source. It means that the Source of the MOSFET must be connected to the 5V output of the Arduino. Then the Arduino output pin LOW can be lower than the Source.

Symbols for P-Channel MOSFETs:

To simplify things, I am giving all the examples for the more common Enhancement-Type ('Normally OFF') MOSFETs - these are not conducting electricity when the voltage between the Gate and the Source (Vgs) is zero. The alternative Depletion-Type ('Normally ON') MOSFETs are a logical inversion of that. You can apply all the same examples and rules for a Depletion-Type MOSFET. Just the ON/OFF status is reversed.

In this article, I am going to explain all the necessary connections (and related dangers) to create the following diagram. And how to then control the power of the motor with an Arduino output pin.

Required Components

Disclosure: Bear in mind that some of the links in this post are affiliate links and if you go through them to make a purchase I will earn a commission. Keep in mind that I link these companies and their products because of their quality and not because of the commission I receive from your purchases. The decision is yours, and whether or not you decide to buy something is completely up to you.

Video Tutorial

A step-by-step guide about using a P-Channel MOSFET with an Arduino to switch a 12V motor ON and OFF.

P-Channel MOSFET on the 12V (VCC) Side of the Load

Let's say you want to turn ON and OFF a 12V DC motor using an Arduino and a P-Channel MOSFET.

The most intuitive way to archive this goal is to wire the MOSFET on the VCC side of the load (the motor in this case).

You need to have two power sources - one for the Arduino, and a separate 12V power source for the motor.
You cannot connect the Arduino's barrel jack to the 12V! This will create a common ground between your Arduino and the 12V power supply. And it would fry the Arduino when you are creating the common VCC needed for this circuit. (With an N-Channel MOSFET you don't have this problem since you want to have a common ground between the power source and the Arduino)

1. First, you need to create a Common VCC by connecting the positive output of the 12V power source to the Arduino 5V pin. DO NOT CONNECT THE GROUNDS!

P Channel Mosfet Transistor

2. Then connect the Source pin of the MOSFET to the VCC and the Drain pin to the positive lead of the motor.

Usually, you have common Ground between devices. But in this case, we need the Arduino to be able to put -5V on the Gate terminal of the P-Channel MOSFET. Connecting the Arduino 5V pin to the VCC (and the Source) will achieve this since now the Arduino output HIGH will be 0V on the Gate, and output low will be -5V on the Gate.

3. Connect the negative lead of the motor to the negative output of the 12V power supply.

4. With inductive loads (devices that have coils in them) like a motor, you need to add a flyback diode. It's a diode that is connected across the load in a reverse direction of the normal current flow. During motor operation, it doesn't do anything. But when the MOSFET switches OFF, the coil inside the motor will continue pushing electrons forward and will create a voltage spike. This can damage your MOSFET. The flyback diode allows the excess induced current to flow back and circulate inside the motor until all the energy is dissipated.

5. Add a 10k resistor between the Gate terminal and the VCC. It will ensure that the MOSFET is OFF while the Arduino pin is not initialized as OUTPUT yet, and is not actively driving the Gate (during startup, for example).

6. Finally, connect the Arduino digital output pin to the Gate via a 100-ohm resistor.

The 100-ohm resistor is necessary since the MOSFET will have a small internal capacitance. When you switch the digital output pin, it will start to charge/discharge, and it will create a current spike that can damage the Arduino Arduino pin, especially if you plan to do high-frequency switching.

P-Channel MOSFET on the Ground Side of the Load

I'll give this alternative connection diagram for educational purposes. Maybe it helps to understand the P-Channel MOSFET better.

P Channel D Mosfet Circuit

You can also connect a P-Channel MOSFET below the load on the negative side of the power source. But here we don't have a common Ground nor a common VCC with the 12V power supply. Arduino 5V and GND pins are floating somewhere between the + and - outputs of the 12V power supply because there are no direct connections to them.

Since the MOSFET is activated or deactivated based on the voltage between the Gate and the Source, we need to make sure that the Arduino 5V pin is on the same level as the Source. So we need to connect the Source directly to the Arduino 5V pin.

It's the same case here that you cannot connect the grounds of the power supply and the Arduino! If you do that, you will apply more than five volts to the 5V pin (through the motor).

Arduino Code to Control the MOSFET

P-channel 100-v (d-s) Mosfet

To drive a P-Channel MOSFET, you have to define one of the Arduino pins as OUTPUT and set it to HIGH to turn it OFF and set it to LOW to turn it ON.

HIGH state is OFF because the Source pin of the MOSFET is connected to the 5V output of the Arduino. It means that Vgs (voltage between the Gate and the Source) is 0V, and an Enhancement-Type MOSFET is turned OFF in this circumstance.

The following code will turn a motor ON and OFF every five seconds:

Channel D Uae

If you are controlling a motor or a lamp that can handle a PWM signal, then you can also use analog write command. For example, this will drive a motor at half the power or dim a LED light to 50 percent: